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Reservation - A Different View

by Dr. Rajkishore Prasad
Research Fellow, Japan

Apr. 5, 2007

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Children

President Kalam

How and when will such differences go? Such differences dog one for the whole life and if not treated it becomes something like genotype to propagate across the generations.

The apex judicial body of the country decided to dilate the so called 27% reservations for OBC on the basis that information about population of OBC is very old and overlooked the very basic question why it has not been implemented so far if such provisions were made in the constitution? Nowadays developed people of India take reservation as an old fashioned thing and an attack on their existence and thus it cannot go. But people in opposition to the concept of reservation forget to realize why should reservation be given? If somebody is inborn genius, nothing is going to hinder his/her achievements but inborn champions are in fraction and becoming achievers by perspiration demand opportunity as well as resources and the achievements one gains, is highly dependant on the starting point. How much able was one's family, society to nourish, pave, support, direct and correct one's journey of life. Of course such initiations and supports are not same for everybody. Also it is not same anywhere but whatever gradients our society is facing are certainly not conducive for everybody. Some are born in a background where there is no chance of getting education or becoming good enough (I mean what we expect) but to get spoiled is putative and guaranteed. Even with many adverse situations, some effort makers came out to live in race but with a huge gap with others. It's reservations that helps to get rid of this gap that came due to lack of resources, family standards, social backwardness etc. Since circumstance are highly uneven in our society provisions of reservation for them does not need explanations or justifications. It is a good tool to bring equalization, a way to peace, in our society as has been said by great poet Dinkar:

Shanti nahee Tabtak Jabtak Nara ka Sukha Sam na ho
Nahee kisi ki Bahut adhik ho nahee kisi ko kam ho

The logic Supreme Court has given behind its stay order is very hard to perceive in any meaningful sense. It is much more taken as a judicial delay with unjustified reasons. The court has paused the implementation saying that it is based on very old population information of OBCs knowing that our census system does not collect such information? Now the question is if the court is presented with new data what will it do? The well known Mandal commission claimed that the population of OBCs was 52%, however it was disputed and there have been consensus on figure around 40% to 45%. If the census begins to collect information about OBC population certainly it will go up and will be never less than 27%. But of what use will be such information in the implementation of 27% reservation quota? Is 27% reservation enough for more than 50% of population? The 27% reservation was decided for OBC in the light of Supreme Court's another decision that puts 50% reservation as ceiling. 22.5% of reservation is already for SCs and STs. The population of OBC is more than 27% then of what use will be new data? Will Supreme Court provide more or less than 27% reservation for OBC or reorganize or increase 50% of total reservation based on population ratio? However, the Supreme Court unexpectedly did so and put the matter under judicial delay. If our judicial system thinks that reservation share should be in proportion to the population, it would be better if 50% reservations are given to all who deserves by breaking the subgroups like SC & ST, OBCs. It would be better to put all together under reserved category for the 50% ceiling of reservation but there will be again political problems and I do not think political system of the country will come forward for such things and judicial system can do it alone. In fact the judicial system by pausing process of reservation has safeguarded the intents of opposing people by overlooking lives of majority. However, such things can't go long as it is at the cost of hidden injustice to OBC community.

It seems logical to question caste as criterion. Backward people are in every caste but in some caste they are in majority and in some caste they are in minority. Of course the caste classified as backward caste include backward people in majority. Same is also true about developed people in our society. Rastrakavi Dinkar has well described this:

Ve bhee Yaheen hai Jo Apane Swano ko Dudh se Nahate Hain
Ve Bachche bhee Yenhee Hai Jo Kabra me Dudh-Dudh Chilaate hain

Thus only grouping people in the name of caste cannot be the best way to decide suitability for reservation. Certainly criterion for creamy layers filter out ineligible OBCs but there is no provision to include backward and poor people from the caste not marked as backward castes. There should be such provisions to make the reservation policy much more effective. The caste system in our society is race-old discrimination tool. Since antiquity, it has snatched opportunities of many people and still the system is continuing with our society in day to day lives. Since it has been running with very old time and has been used to enjoy opportunities in society, people of certain caste remained devoid of opportunities and people from certain caste became prosperous more. So using name of the caste as the criterion is not so much bad if taken as criterion only. But due to social reforms and autonomic changes, in our today's society the distribution of poor and backward people is not within periphery of certain castes. So what is needed is the modification in this yardstick for better discriminations and identification of people for reservation.

So I think the temporary pause by the apex body is unnecessary and nothing more than judicial delays. It should be implemented for some fixed time span and effects should be monitored to take out people from the loops of reservation. The pendency and delay in the implementation of constitutional provisions on the basis of hypothetical reasons either by judiciary or political system will complicate further social and political dynamics of the country.

 

Comments:
Prasad ji, we all know, irrespective of Supreme Court's decision, the Govt. will implement the caste based reservation to show its dictatorship and narrow psyche. It will push its citizens into new era of ghetto. But, the game doesn't stop here; the tastes of easy goings have perpetual effects. You might have noticed demand of 80% reservation for Maharashtrians in all jobs. The same is going to be echoed by leaders of other states. In Bihar, there is no job. What will the reserved categories do if they be thrown out from other states, although they qualified from quota system? It will be too let to realize the bad taste of quota system. At this time I wish an article from you supporting region based reservations. Being a son of upper caste majdoor, I have experienced the pain of quota system, where rich clans of reserved categories enjoyed their stipend money on girlfriends and joined prestigious institutes easily.

The best way to lead India to challenge up-to-date generation is to erase quota system at all. Strengthen the root by imparting quality education to all. Empower the women in society. If base is strong then future will shine. Now the million dollar question is who will take pain of making the foundation strong as the lenient method of quota system masked the mindset of our tainted leaders?

Also I like to know your opinions on caste based reservations in your hard published IISER and Nalanda's World class International University.

And I am 100% sure, when you observe 80% reserved categories are joining from other states, your narrow mind will be triggered with the idea of implementing 80% reservation for Bihari students in this World Class International University. Then this International University will be renamed after some politician's beloved wife. As this institute lies in Nalanda, then nearby leaders may raise their voice for 80% reservations from Nalanda district and the ghost of quota will play on!!

The bottom line is, if you want to kill this ghost then do it now, otherwise be prepared for the years of hell to come. - Parshuram - Apr. 6, 2007

Reservation in education is the biggest curse in India no matter how you spin it. It's a legalized fraud imposed by our self-serving politicians and nothing, absolutely nothing, can justify it. What's wrong in providing poor people, irrespective of  their castes, financial aids, tuition-free education? Admission and examinations should be based on pure merit.

This topic has been beaten to death knowing fully well politicians in India will never, even 1000 years from now, allow this issue to die. That's a reality. There is no point for Dr. Prasad or anyone else for that matter to justify or spin this issue anymore or for me to counter his points. Reservation is here to stay, forever and forever... Let's stop this discussion once and for all! - Rajiv Chandra - Apr. 6, 2007


Could you please explain why you have shown picture of Honorable President of India in the beginning of this thread? If you do not know his idea or concept of reservation in proper then you should not do the cut and paste of his any picture with your ‘any’ kind of publishing. By doing that you are trying to portray as what you are writing is nothing but President's idea. The fact, President Kalam hates the reservation theory you are talking on this forum. He always wants to prepare the economically backward section of the society from ground zero so that they could rise equal to any class or section of Indian Society. Please mind that when President talks about economically backward society, he means any CAST and this is his very simple concept to distribute economic gain in overall toward lower level hierarchy of Indian society and make the country in whole, grow to be developed. You should refrain from trying to distort such Great President’s ideology. I hope your Doctor mind understands such legaly challengeable things.

You have decorated your topic with Great Dinkar’s 2-liners. Well, the whole purpose of Dinkar's poems was to bring immediate socially backwards out of ‘KupMandukata’, not just throw few ‘Chara’ on them and keep them mentally backward just as they have been for centuries. You have tried to associate that great poet’s creation with a Caste-based reservation DUMB policy.

Also, you are talking about some sort of ‘Monitoring System’ after the already disputed reservation policy is implemented. Dr. Ambedkar had said almost same thing to then Nehru government that SC/ST reservation should be reviewed frequently and should eliminated after certain period of time. Well, even Dr. Ambedkar had visualized that reservation can not uplift a backward society until unless you change their mind set from root. The SC/ST reservation was supposed to be end in 10 years but…that’s just a waste of time to discuss here.

Parshuram is right in saying that when it will come to reservation for backward class beyond Mandal, there are several states where majority of population has been counted as backward even though those states are economically in great shape as of today. I wonder why you are all the time writing about bringing IISR (only) to Bihar with full fledge reservations leaving so called Upper Cast people out who are counted RICH just because of their birth in a Upper Cast family. True Colour!

With due respect, I would suggest you that you should not talk your reservation ideology to the Japanese folks living around you. They hate such policies by heart. - Naren Singh, India/USA - Apr. 6, 2007


I think Supreme Court has not doubted the Reservation for OBCs as a tool for affirmative action by state but definition of OBC itself. Are ‘Kamma’, ‘Maratha’, ‘Kurmi’, ‘Jaat’ and ‘Yadav’ OBCs? Don’t you think their presence in OBC list is diluting the very purpose of reservation for OBCs? I understand caste is a reality in India and I do support reservation for OBCs but if you are happy with presence of ‘Kamma’, ‘Maratha’, ‘Kurmi’, ‘Jaat’ and ‘Yadav’ in OBC list, I am sure you won’t mind even ‘Bhumihar’ in OBC list. I am sure with inclusion of Brahmin, Bhumihar, Kayastha and Rajput and other leftover caste in OBC list, opposition to reservation will reduce to NIL and there will be unanimity for this policy even in public arena on par with unanimity in Parliament on this issue. Everybody will support the reservation for OBCs, nobody will file PIL in court against reservation for OBCs and there will be no stay order, however people like me will still question, are ‘Bhumihars’ OBCs? Isn’t presence of Bhumihar in OBC list is diluting the very purpose of reservation for OBCs?

It is easy to understand why in attempt to prove that his blood is ‘More Yadav’ than that of Mulayam’s or Lalu’s ‘Bhaiya’ blood, Sharad Yadav is recommending the UPA government to ignore the SC stay order but he should be ready to face the irrelevance of his logic once Mayawati has successfully wooed ‘Brahmins’ to join Schedule Caste and Nitish Kumar has successfully wooed ‘Bhumihars’ to join Extremely Backward Caste. I strongly feel that Supreme Court had given us opportunity to review our policy of Reservation for OBCs as affirmative action for deprived community, if we are on right track, if the deprived are getting the benefits but if we follow the lines of Sharad Yadav’s ‘More Yadav’ blood and ignore Supreme Court’s stay order then trust me every fool can tell you that yes it is difficult to remove ‘Kamma’ from OBC list but it is very easy to include ‘Bhumihar’ in OBC list and then let us be passionate about reservation policy.

Had Sharad Yadav been honest about dirty caste practice in Indian society, he should have spoken against extension of caste mentality against Biharis in India. He seeks vote of Biharis, right? Why he was silent when Raj Thackeray offered slap in breakfast, lunch and dinner to Biharis? I am not mixing two issues because I strongly believe that hatred towards Biharis is nothing but extension of caste mentality. Regionalism among Indians is nothing but extension of their caste mentality exactly the way caste mentality justified the raping and killing of scheduled caste females by OBC in Khairlangi. Believe it or not the killers in Khairlangi are entitled for reservation under OBC quota.

Untouchability practiced towards ‘Dom’ and ‘Chamar’ by ‘Kurmi’, ‘Yadav’ and others was a suitable and justified criterion for Scheduled caste entitlement for reservation but under which criteria ‘Kurmi’ and ‘Yadav’ themselves are asking for reservation? This is the question Supreme Court has asked, either we should answer this in satisfactory way or be prepared to see ‘Bhumihar’ included in OBC list, rest assured they will be more passionate for the cause of reservation than Upper Caste leaders like Sharad Yadav, Chandra Babu Naidu and Karunanidhi. If these leaders think that without explanation just by ganging up they can push the case of Reservation for OBCs then they should know that Gang need more army, more battalion and Bhumihars are in waiting, do you see where this thing is leading to? So, pause and think or else the very honesty of reservation for OBCs will become diluted. - Shiv Shankar Sharma - Apr. 6, 2007


Dharna against the court opinion on Reservation, seems to be like riot type situation when Mandal commission was imposed. Why cant we think of only one class of people in the country, why to divide them in so many classes. The strong need is to help the poor of any class, caste or religion. There has been no significant upgradation in poor people since our independence and all political parties are talking of eradicating the poverty. Is it not a big joke. What our politicians want - merit based society for fast growth of India or reserved India without merit to lag behind meritorious countries? There is an urgent need to revisit Indian Constitution. - T. S. P. Sinha, Jamshedpur - Apr. 7, 2007


Thanks to all of you for reading my article and posting your comments. But I am sorry to write that your comments are far away from the main theme of the article. Of course the article advocates implementation of the reservation quota as there is no alternative at the hand to support the causes of social justice. Of course there are many alternatives in the mind of social thinkers, public figures and others but not have been in the ruling principle.

The article deals with outcome of the caste based census that has been raised by SC in the stay order. Even if current figure is available, of what use will be in deciding 27% reservation for so called OBC category? However, this is not the only point that has been raised by the esteemed SC. Unfortunately, none of the commentators got this point and all of you went on posting with opposition?

The aim of my article was not to invite inked collision among anti and pro reservation supporters rather I have tried to draw attention on drawbacks of existing discrimination tools, and due modifications in it so that maximum benefit can be procured to the needy. So there is need to think and frame some rules in this direction. I like to appreciate comments of Sri Shiva Sharma in this regard.

Lots of logic has been given for implementation and rejections of reservation policy and number of supporter as well as opposing people have their own ways of thinking. So such discussion is endless.

The better solution will be that government should make a national level survey to find all the caste groups along with their socio-economic and educational status to use caste as the discrimination tool.

I will like to say to Parshuramjee that it is not final decision of SC but an interim decision. An opportunity has been given to the government to think over it. I do not support region based reservations, however in the many universities there are certain percentage of seats reserved for students from that university or state. Also I am not a professional writer to write an article on topic of your choice. If you have some idea, please pour your ink for the same. Hope PD or others will put your thoughts for us. Regarding your personal experience that rich clans of reserved category, I have nothing to do but will like to fetch your attention that in the implemented reservation policy there is very clear cut filtering process for the discrimination of creamy layers (if you mean some thing by rich clans), and it will be very hard for any undeserving OBC to pass through it. Of course everybody likes to make India shining but do you think it should shine like moon with patches? I aspire it should shine without patches.

Regarding my efforts for IISER it has nothing to do with the reservation policy. I am not an authority to decide if it should be implemented in IISER or not. To the best of my knowledge, some institutes of national importance, educational institution established in a tribal area, institutions of excellence, research institutions, institutions of national and strategic importance and minority educational institutions, etc have been placed out from the loop of reservation. So if you have or have not an IISER in Bihar, reservation will be decided by policy makers but it never means we should not effort to bring an IISER in Bihar. And at last, you have used the term ghost I do not understand what you mean bhut or Preta. Bhut can go away but Preta has reoccurring modality if not managed properly!

I appreciate suggestions given by R. Chandra as an alternative for reservations and similar things has been placed by many others since long but is there any such provisions made so far? Such arguments are placed only when issue of reservation is raised.

Narenjee thanks for comments. Placed picture is to show the contrast of initial kick given for a journey to life. I have not given any theory of reservation rather have commented on the population based proportions for reservation and relevancy of the up to date information on population of the OBC for the same. Unfortunately you escaped the central theme of the article while commenting. In no sense it is related to, portraying or distorting the idea of reservation of HE president. It's your own observation and thought. After all philosophy of different angles of views can't fail. Also I do not have any article with thought of hon'ble President on the reservation policy. If you have kindly send me link, it will be great. What I read in some newspaper (http://www.winentrance.com/news/President-okays-OBC-Bill.html) is that hon'ble president okays the bill.

So far your comment related to Great Dinkar is concerned I could not understand your thought about kupmandukata. However, I like to place here one great event that triggered Janakavi Dinkar to issue warning to elite or ruling classes of India to mitigate their shortsightedness. (Whatever I am placing here is based on memory what I still remember from lecture of a Hindi Professor.)

Great Dinkar was a JanaKavi who raised issue related with Janata but later the same Janakavi was made Rashtra Kavi. But the soul of Janakavi remained illuminated. When he became a member of the Rajya Sabha he took a tanga after ending train journey in Delhi. He was surprised to see that the horse pulling the tanga was stronger than that of others. So he asked tangaman why his horse was so strong. The tangaman replied, "Sir, I bought this horse in very low price because previous owner was fed up with this horse. This horse was only eating green grasses and it was not possible for him to buy everyday too much green grass. After buying I also got fed up in a few days, but one day I saw a shop of toy glasses at the Chandani Chowk and when I put on a glass of green color on myself, I got everything green. The idea came in my mind and bought spectacles with green glasses. Now I put green
colored spectacle on eyes of the horse and it eats whatever husk I give it. In this way my horse became stronger."

The whole story triggered Dinkar to write a well known poem 'BHARAT KA RESHAMINAGAR DILLI'. He completed that on his way and warned our policy makers in his poetic tone to modify their vision. One line from that I drop here (If I recall better!)

SUNO... SARA BHARAT VAISA NAHEE JAISA DILLI KE DARPAN ME DIKHATA HAI

But who cared?

I could not understand your logic for IISER. Do you mean Bihar should not demand an IISER because central government will impose reservation?

Shivshankerjee, I have commented on caste based discrimination. You are right in observation that it is time to rethink and poor and deserving people from other castes too should be given reservation or any other alternative (whatever government if implements). - Rajkishore Prasad - Apr. 10, 2007


President Kalam may have okayed the current reservation ploy of UPA government but he does not like the method, this is a well established fact.

No question about great poet Dinkar and thanks for adding up his real life story and so the moral of that story. You have enforced my view only by adding Dinkar's saying as 'SARA BHARAT VAISA NAHEE JAISA DILLI KE DARPAN ME DIKHATA HAI'.

Here is the bottom-line, reservation has been in India ever since its independence and has not been able to create a common good among the listed beneficiary communities and I would not be so positive about the future. The immediate benefit of this phase of reservation may be - UPA Government will win one another term to govern the country. - Naren Singh, India/USA - Apr. 11, 2007


I am also not very sure if a blanket reservation based on the caste is a solution to lift the poorest of the poor in the nation. It is good to read the article and the rationale rebuttals here but it would be even better if they could also suggest some ways to give the poorest of the poor a stake in our national development.

Right now, the great divide between haves and have-nots is widening ever more so and it is just tragic to see that when some Indians are getting more and more onto Forbes list and what not, there are still people in India who are dying of hunger and live in abject poverty. It is a shame that India has not been able to find a better solution than this age-old practice of caste based reservations. Poverty inflicts people of all castes and so should the solution encompass an approach which takes care of all the unfortunate Indian masses. An upper caste poor without opportunity is as sad as a lower caste person without opportunity.

Sadly, I have no hope that it could happen. - Ravindra Kumar - Apr. 11, 2007


I am a software engg. I did my engg from BCE Bhagalpur. I managed to get admitted there through OBC quota. I belong from a poor family. My father was not able to send me to other state (which most of the so called unreserved enjoy i mean most). I managed to get my job without any reservation.

Did it mean that unreserveds are better? can anybody answer my this question?

I want to ask one another question. Did anybody belonging from so called forward class ever mentioned a lower class people by adding Ji to his/her surname in the human history? Whereas most of the so called backward class always add Ji to surname of a so called forward class. Then why we should not provide reservation to people who respect people?

Caste should be the only criteria for determination of reservation. Caste determines fate of a human being in India (I do not know about other countries). Please read again my previous sentence.

At the end I want to say that this is not only my view but sadly a fact - Rajesh Kumar - Apr. 12, 2007


Rajesh jee, how could you use OBC quota to get admission in an Engineering College? I may be wrong but I think there has not been any provision of quota for admissions in any college so far. Is there any? The latest phase of reservation bill has the provision of admissions for SC/ST/OBCs and it has been blocked by SC.

As far as your 'Dard Bhari Kahani' is concerned, my friend, you are not that poor either to be not able to get educated up to Higher Secondary with science. The majority (all castes) do not have that ability to get educated up to higher secondary.

Do a survey and you will find almost 60% percent of listed OBC are not poor, neither are 'mentally' backward. I have not seen a single Yadav either poor or so called backward but they are in OBC list. There are several other Castes in South listed as OBC in fact are not backward or economically poor at all.

Again, even though around 85% job/higher education will be reserved in India, the listed SC/ST and OBCs will have to be prepared through Higher Secondary exams. Only then they would be able to eat the fruit of 'quota-blessed-career' and this is the point where drama of reservation-quota goodwill fails. So, I wish this time you pro-quota folks understand my point and divert little bit of your energy toward fighting with local governments to make education mandatory and minimally charged for every kid at least from elementary up to Secondary Board.

So, I will go again saying - RESERVATION SHOULD ONLY BE GIVEN TO ECONOMICALLY BACKWARDS, IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR CASTE AND RELIGION! THERE MUST BE LAW TO MAKE EDUCATION MANDATORY AND MINIMALLY CHARGED TO ALL KIDS, IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR CASTE AND RELIGION! - Naren Singh, India/USA - Apr. 12, 2007


Rajesh ji asked, "Did anybody belonging from so called forward class ever mentioned a lower class people by adding Ji to his/her surname in the human history?"

Since we are talking about the 'human history', I don't recall anyone addressing Jagjivan Ram as 'jagjivanwa'; every one called him Jagjivan Babu, which I think is much more honorable and respectful than just plain 'ji'. - Rajiv Chandra - Apr. 12, 2007


Rajesh ji, I also belong to OBC but I got into IIT and everything on my own without any reservation. However before you support reservation, do you remember that there are people like you in each and every caste? All of us need equal opportunity and it should not be discriminated based on caste or economics. There should be scholarships, incentives so that every one could get the opportunity to learn and build a career.

I also come from a village and belong to a poor family but I got the scholarship from Govt of India when I appeared in All India Scholarship Examination for Public School Education. It was a very good scheme and all merit based selection exams for boys/girls in Class 6th for everyone. Even though I belonged to a farmer's family I could get the opportunity to study in a school like Vikas Vidyalaya. I could have even opted for school like Doon School, Scindia School. The choice was all mine. Unfortunately the scheme was terminated and all the funds were supposedly routed to Navodaya Vidyalaya Scheme. We all know what happened to such a good concept. I mean I wonder why not Govt of India try to streamline such schemes in an efficient and corrupt free way. I mean when all the kids from all kinds, economic sections are encouraged with this education, I suppose we would not need this reservation. At least I did not need as I was given the opportunity to fulfill my potential and my limited talent, ambition is my only handicap.

Sometime I wonder even the politicians do not want this issue to die also as they want to be seen as messiah for their exclusive castes. V P Singh made his name on Mandal even though I believe we OBCs would have been served in better way if he had put more focus on providing good basic education to all the people. Reservation appears like an easy and fast solution but in my limited understanding the path of least resistance is not always the best path. - Ravindra Kumar - Apr. 12, 2007


First I want to say to Mr. Naren Singh jee that this is not 'my dard bhari kahani'. I am proud whatever I was I am and from whichever caste I belong. You are questioning my existence itself by asking whether any reservation of that kind is in effect or not. - Rajesh Kumar - Apr. 13, 2007

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